Teleworkability and the Evolution of Job-Home Networks after the COVID-19 Shock: Causal Evidence from the Netherlands

Jan 1, 2026·
He, J.
,
Wang, T.
,
Venhorst, V.
,
Ballas, D.
· 1 min read

Status: Under review

This article examines how actual remote-work patterns reshaped Dutch municipal job-home networks after the COVID-19 shock. It uses spatial difference-in-differences models and Bartik shift-share designs to estimate direct and spillover effects on commuting relations, employment-residence linkages, and urban-regional network structure.